Building A Place For Our Business - 1138 Words

Once we have defined our business idea we should think of a place for our business and where we will place. This choice will depend in part on the proper functioning Business. We should not rush in choosing the premises and that a wrong decision can result in the future a change of room with all the expense and inconvenience that entails. Before drinking a decision we must consider the needs of our company in the future: possible extensions, new clients, etc. The importance of the location of our company depends on the activity in which we engage, the market to which we are going, etc. If our business is commercial (shops, bars, restaurants, etc.) Local and location of it are especially important. First, we must analyze carefully what the†¦show more content†¦All this we can see in the local municipality in which you are the property; The site chosen must have adequate infrastructure the needs of the company. We need to check that the water supply, electricity, telephone, etc. They are sufficient to meet the needs of our business; another aspect to consider is the place communication with the outside. If you re well connected road, if there is presence of public transport, accessibility, etc. .;Complications in the building because of the proximity to rivers, roads, airports, lying electrical, etc. .; We have to find, if possible, a place that is near the suppliers, avoiding and have an excess of goods in the warehouse. This, in the case of companies working with perishables, is very important (canneries, dairies, etc.); Another important tip is to assess the adequacy of the local costs that we have to make before starting the activity; If we go to hire workers, we must remember that in the area we will install our business there is sufficient skilled labor to cover jobs that arise; It is important to assess the interior of the

The Asian Financial Crisis Of 1997 - 2364 Words

Commonly referred to as the â€Å"Asian Contagion† the East Asian financial crisis of 1997 marked a time in which multiple Asian countries fell into a recession as a result of financialization. Although the East Asian financial crisis affected over ten countries, Thailand’s economy is will first be primarily analyzed prior to the crash because it was the first economy to fall and essentially started the crisis. In retrospect, the complexity of the financial crisis has caused much debate on what actually started the crisis in the first place. In order to address the various positions of the East Asian financial crisis, the works of Charles Kindleberger, Krippner, and Dani Rodrik are analyzed and compared. While the crisis has many components that ultimately suggest that conjoined multiple factors are potentially to blame, these authors suggest that specific instances are the main culprit. In essence, Kindleberger states that investor and lender speculation deemed the cr isis inevitable, Krippner condemns government policies, while Rodrik suggests that hyper-globalization is to blame. In order to analyze the causes of the financial crisis, it is imperative to first describe Thailand’s economic practices prior to 1997 chronologically. Moreover, it is important to note that the Thai government was known for being a corrupt, â€Å"notoriously unstable multi-party coalitions unable to formulate (let alone implement) a coherent macroeconomic policy.† So, much of the pressure to ensureShow MoreRelated1997 Asian Financial Crisis and Hyundai Motor Corp7129 Words   |  29 PagesOutlook: 16 Asian Financial Crisis: Summary: 17 Recovery: 18 Hyundai Motor Corp Financial Analysis: Introduction: 20 Detailed Financial Analysis: 21 Equity Valuation: 24 Conclusion: 24 Case Solution: Project Valuation: 25 Input Descriptions: 25 Conclusion: 27 Exhibits: Hyundai Motor Corp Financial Statements Read MoreImpact Of The Asian Financial Crisis Of 1997 On The Region s Development1704 Words   |  7 PagesExamine the impact of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 on the region’s development â€Å"Since World war II, development has been the most important term used to describe economic, social and political changes in what have come to be known as Third world countries† (Zhang, 2003). The Asian financial crisis of 1997 had a major impact on the regions development as it was the end of the East Asian economic miracle, a time that showed staggering economic growth throughout the Asia Pacific. HoweverRead MoreImpact of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 and Effect to Latin America1875 Words   |  8 PagesImpact of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 and effect to Latin America Name: Institution: Date: Abstract In 1997, the Asian Financial Crisis spread rapidly all over the Asia and affected almost all the economies in the world. Prior to the Asian Financial Crisis, the Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Indonesia, Hong Kong and Singapore experienced a remarkable growth in the economy that was considered the highest in the world. These Asian economies increased by a notableRead More1997 Asian Financial Crisis4291 Words   |  18 Pages1997 Asian Financial Crisis Angelica M. Montefalcon 4FM2 I. Introduction For about twenty years, East-Asian countries were held up as economic idols. They were hailed as the ideal models for strong economic growth of developing countries because of their high savings and investment rates, autocratic political systems, export-oriented business, restricted domestic markets, government capital allocation, and controlled financial systems. They were even stories about â€Å"The East AsianRead More1997 Asian Financial Crisis4297 Words   |  18 Pages1997 Asian Financial Crisis Angelica M. Montefalcon 4FM2 I. Introduction For about twenty years, East-Asian countries were held up as economic idols. They were hailed as the ideal models for strong economic growth of developing countries because of their high savings and investment rates, autocratic political systems, export-oriented business, restricted domestic markets, government capital allocation, and controlled financial systems. They were even stories about â€Å"The East Asian MiracleRead MoreThe Asian Financial Crisis Of 19971028 Words   |  5 Pages Following the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the IMF bailout provided desperately needed funds to revive South Korea s economy but came with a caveat of strict mandates. The aftermath left sectors of its economy eviscerated, patches of its society dissolved, and sent my family on a plane to the United States. What could have been an otherwise typical American dream narrative for me, however, evolved into a lifelong aspiration toward global affairs. Reaching for a graduate study program is theRead MoreEffects of the Asian Financial Crisis on 19971006 Words   |  4 PagesThe financial crisis in many countries in Asia in 1997-1998 was an unexpected event. It was mainly because most of the Asian countries had been enjoying economic growth prior to the crisis. The crisis itself started with the devaluation of Thailand’s Baht in July 1997. The Thailan d government decided to float its currency in order to defend the Baht against speculative attack, despite its fixed exchange rate system. This decision was apparently the beginning of the economic downturn of many AsianRead More1997 Asian Financial Crisis and Hyundai Motor Corp7119 Words   |  29 PagesIndustry Outlook: 16 Asian Financial Crisis: Summary: 17 Recovery: 18 Hyundai Motor Corp Financial Analysis: Introduction: 20 Detailed Financial Analysis: 21 Equity Valuation: 24 Conclusion: 24 Case Solution: Project Valuation: 25 Input Descriptions: 25 Conclusion: 27 Exhibits: Hyundai Motor Corp Financial Statements 29 Bibliography:Read MoreFactors That Caused the 1997 East Asian Financial Crisis1604 Words   |  6 PagesCaused the 1997 East Asia Financial Crisis Discuss the principal factors responsible for the East Asian currency/financial crisis of 1997. In 1997, there occurred certain shifts in expectations from the market. The regional contagion and confidence led to the East Asian financial turmoil. In 1990s, it had been reported that the microeconomic and macroeconomic businesses were not performing as expected. The local and international investors had not held enough grips into the looming financial challengesRead MoreImf As An International Financial Institution Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1997-1998 Indonesian Economic Crises. IMF Interventions - Lessons to learn. Introduction. 1997 to1998 saw the East Asian nations of Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea engulfed in an economic and financial crises that nearly collapsed their economies. The IMF was at the center stage to help during these crises. How IMF’s assistance further deepened Indonesia’s economic crises, received heavy criticism from Political, economic and social analyst against IMF s programs and Policies in Developing

Carmen Marinache free essay sample

Assuming complex businesses in which company is part of: organising logistics operations ( railway transportation from station of departure to station of destination, reception of wagons at final station of destination, unloading the cargo from wagons and loading it into trucks / handling, delivery up to the client’s terminal); organising special transports such as munitions transportation in transit via Romania; organising cargo exports from Romania with guard protection on route; organising oversized transportation, export from Romania to different countries, which implies: obtaining loading drawing from an authorised company, obtaining approval for transportation from the railways and infrastructure, issuing CIM railway bills, coordinating the transport with foreign railways on traffic and obtaining all necessary traffic permission by keeping in touch with all our external partners, solving problems that might occur while transportation is performed; organising exports from Romania to different countries from exCIS in special SZD wagons (wagons from CIS countries), obtaining all traffic permissions, keeping in contact with clients and partners for a prompt solving of all difficult situations; organising transportation of wagons on their own wheels as well as of locomotives; participating to organisation of multimodal traffic Ex: cargo coming by vessel, unloading directly or indirectly to wagons and customs clearance through a sister company specialised in port in such kind of operations), railway trans portation up to one station in Europe, unloading of cargo and delivery by trucks to consignee, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Carmen Marinache or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? Keeping in contact with Accounting and Financial Dept. in order to mutually solve problems related to the financial part of the business; ? Based on the information received from the Controlling Dept. , analysing and proposing to the Executive Manager personal evaluation for personnel; ? Monthly analysing the activity of the Railway Dept. calculating estimated operational profit, calculating the total tonnage, presenting the situations to Executive Director; ? Contacting and visiting potential clients; ? Taking part to set up of transport and freight forwarding contracts with Romanian and foreign clients/partners ; ? Representing the company within international exhibitions and fairs, in Romania and abroad, to Express Interfracht Holding own stand, and within conferences having as topic the improvement of railway transportation; ? Issuing the documentation of company presentation and representing the company within different tenders opened by big production companies in Romania, in o rder to choose logistic supplier.

Project Management Success

Introduction To some degree, the success of every project depends on the expertise of a leader who has to guide the activities of team members and foster their cooperation. In some cases, this professional has to coordinate the work of people who may be located in different countries and this task can be very challenging.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Project Management Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at discussing the key factors needed for project success and team building. In particular, close attention should be paid to such concepts as key performance index, communication strategy, and performance measurement tools. They are critical for the effective work of many businesses and public organizations. Apart from that, it is important to focus on the role of managers who should possess various skills that are related to different areas such as HR policies, cross-cultural com munication, or motivation of employees. These are the main issues that should be discussed. Key performance index One of the most important tasks is to monitor the progress of team members and eliminate possible problems or mistakes that are often inevitable. However, this task can be done properly if there is the key performance index or KPI that helps a leader identify the strengths or weaknesses of a project (Lan Untelkar 2006, p. 106). This concept is used to describe an indicator or a group of indicators that are most important for an organization (Lan Untelkar 2006, p. 106). To a great extent, they reflect the goals that the project is supposed to attain (Lan Untelkar 2006, p. 106). So, at first, it is important to distinguish the criteria according to which the performance of a team should be evaluated (Chan Chan 2004). It should be noted that companies can have different KPIs. They can be related to the operational costs of a project, functionality of a product, timeline s, customer satisfaction, increased rates of production and other parameters that are taken into account by managers (Marks 2012, p. 53).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overall, the development of these indicators is one of the first steps that managers should take prior to the start of any project. To a great extent, KPIs help leaders determine whether the team achieves the goals that were set at the very beginning. This is why management should concentrate on the development of key performance indicators. Without them, the organization will have to face many pitfalls such as delays. This is the importance of KPI should not be overlooked. Communication strategy Additionally, it is important to speak about the communication strategy adopted by an organization. The exchange of information is critical for every activity involved in the project. Therefore, one should dete rmine how different participants can interact with each other (Turner 2007, p. 790). Business administrators should remember about several aspects of this question. First of all, they should think about the communication with major stakeholders such as clients, business partners, corporate executives, suppliers and so forth (Turner 2007, p. 790). They should know how the project is managed and what kind results are achieved (Turner 2007, p. 790). Furthermore, they should be able to interact with the team members and make recommendations if they are necessary (Ndoni Elhag 2010). The manager should distinguish different types of information and determine how it should be communicated. It is necessary to focus on data related to the project plan, its status, and key events or problems encountered by the team (Binder 2007, p. 101). This is one of the issues that should be considered. Provided that a leader achieves this goal, it will be possible to avoid many conflicts and delays.Adver tising We will write a custom assessment sample on Project Management Success specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from that, it is important to speak about the communication within a team or between several teams. This question is particularly important when a project involves several teams that can operate in different countries or even continents. Each participant of the team should be informed about the goals of the project, schedules, and requirements of customers (Ndoni Elhag 2010). Furthermore, these professionals should be able know about the possible changes in the project plan or new goals that they may need to attain (Ndoni Elhag 2010). Additionally, employees, representing different departments, should know about the work of other departments. In this way, project managers can better coordinate the work of various departments of teams (Ndoni Elhag 2010). Overall, communication strategy is critical for the achieve ment of project goals. This is one of the issues that a leader should address. If he/she copes with this task, it will be easier for the team to meet timelines and attain the objectives set by customers or corporate executives. Performance measure tools One should bear in mind that project management involves the evaluation of people’s performance and the overall progress achieved by the team. The duty of a manager is to make sure that each group understands what is expected from him or her, and the individual and teamwork will be assessed. For example, many managers prefer the so-called 360-degree assessment which enables to evaluate the performance of an employee (Reiss 2012, p. 111). This performance measurement tool focuses on such criteria as quantitative results of an employee’s work, customers’ satisfaction, or initiatives taken by this individual (Reiss 2012, p. 111).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If a leader uses appropriate evaluation methods, the leader will be able to motivate every participant. This is why project managers should think about the ways in which the performance of workers will be assessed and how it will be compensated. Additionally, project leaders will play a critical role in team-building, since employees can work successfully only if they share some values, attitudes, or beliefs (Reiss 2012, p. 111). This is why leaders should foster cooperation among different participants involved in the project. Furthermore, these professionals should not be isolated from one another. In other words, they should know about the duties of each other (Ndoni Elhag 2010). This is why managers should focus on team-building. For example, this person should organize joint meetings during which each participant can share their views with one another. Conclusion Therefore, one can argue that project management has several aspects and each of them is important for the success of every various initiatives implemented by a team. In particular, business administrators should attach importance to such issues as key performance indicators, communication strategies, and team-building because these elements are critical for the effective work of an organization. Furthermore, these professionals should ensure that different stakeholders such clients, corporate executives, managers, and workers who should interact with each other. These opportunities are particularly important when one speak about international projects. References Binder, J 2007, Global Project Management: Managing Virtual Projects and Programmes Across Borders, Gower Publishing, Ltd, London. Chan, A Chan, A 2004. ‘Key performance indicators for measuring construction success’, Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 11 no. 2, pp.203 – 221. Lan, Y Untelkar, B 2006, Global Integrated Supply Chain Systems, Global Integrated Supply Chain Systems, Idea Group Inc, New York. Ndoni, D. Elhag, T 2010, ‘The integration of human relationships in capital development projects: A case study of BSF scheme, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business’, vol. 3 no. 3, pp. 479-494. Marks, T 2012, 20:20 Project Management: How to Deliver on Time, on Budget and on Spec, Kogan Page Publishers, London. Reiss, M 2012, Change Management: A Balanced and Blended Approach, BoD – Books on Demand, New York. Turner, J 2007, Gower Handbook of Project Management: Fourth Edition, Gower Publishing, Ltd, New York. This assessment on Project Management Success was written and submitted by user Savanna Potts to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Alphonse Capone essays

Alphonse Capone essays Alphonse Capone a.k.a. Al Capone was born on January 17, 1899 in Brooklyn, New York. Alphonse Capone which parents were baptizes grew up in a rough district and he was a member of two kid gangs, the Brooklyn Rippers and the Forty Thieves Juniors. Although Al Capone was a bright young man, he quit school in the sixth grade at age fourteen. Although Al Capone was a criminal he had normal jobs on the side e.g. he was a clerk in a candy store, an assistant in a bowling alley and a cutter in a book bindery. Soon he became part of the notorious Five Points gang in Manhattan and now he worked in gangster Frankie Yales Brooklyn dive, Harvard In, which was an illegal gambling den. While working here he received his famous facial scars which resulted in the nickname Scarface. He had insulted a costumer and was attacked by her brother with a glass. In 1918 Capone met an Irish girl named Mary Mae Coughlin at a dance. On December 4, 1918 Mae gave birth to their son, Albert Sonny Francis. Capone a nd Mae married later that year on December 30. Capone was arrested for the first time while he was working for Yale because of a disorderly Conduct. He also murdered two men in his first years as a gangster, but nobody wanted to testimony against him, because they were either his friends or afraid of him. After Capone had sent a gang member from an Irish gang called Finnegan on the hospital, Yale sent him to Chicago because the Irish gangs where furious and threatened to kill him. So Capone now moved to Chicago with his family, were they moved into a house at 7244 South Prairie Avenue. After Capones move to Chicago he became member of the Four Deuces, a gang which were lead by his old friend from New York, John Torrio. The Year was now 1919 and a new kind of underground crime/business, illegal distribution of liquor was becoming attractive for the gangsters because...

Tips for Writing the UC Personal Statement Prompt #1

Tips for Writing the UC Personal Statement Prompt #1 Note The  article below is for the pre-2016 University of California application, and the suggestions are only marginally relevant for current applicants to the UC System. For tips on the new essay requirements, read this article:  Tips and Strategies for the 8 UC Personal Insight Questions. The pre-2016 UC personal statement prompt #1 stated, Describe the world you come from - for example, your family, community or school - and tell us how your world has shaped your dreams and aspirations. Its a question that every freshman applicant to one of the nine undergraduate UC campuses had to answer. Note that this question has much in common with the Common Application option #1 on your background and identity. Overview of the Question The prompt sounds simple enough. After all, if theres one subject you know something about, its the surroundings in which you live. But dont be fooled by how accessible the question appears to be. Admission to the University of California system is remarkably competitive, especially for some of the more elite campuses, and you should think carefully about the subtleties of the prompt. Before answering the question, consider the purpose of the essay. The admissions officers want to get to know you. The essays are the one place where you can truly present your passions and personality. Test scores, GPAs, and other quantitative data do not really tell the university who you are; instead, they show that you are a capable student. But what really makes you you? Each of the UC campuses receives far more applications than they can accept. Use the essay to show how you differ from all the other capable applicants. Breaking Down the Question The personal statement is, obviously, personal. It tells the admissions officers what you value, what gets you out of bed in the morning, what drives you to excel. Make sure your response to prompt #1 is specific and detailed, not broad and generic. To answer the prompt effectively, consider the following: World is a versatile term. The prompt gives your family, community and school as examples of possible worlds, but they are just three examples. Where is it that you truly live? What really makes up your world? Is it your team? The local animal shelter? Your grandmothers kitchen table? Your church? The pages of a book? Someplace where your imagination likes to wander?Focus on that word how. How has your world shaped you? The prompt is asking you to be analytical and introspective. It is asking you to connect your environment to your identity. It is asking you to project forward and imagine your future. The best responses to prompt #1 highlight your analytical abilities.Avoid the obvious. If you write about your family or school, its easy to focus on that teacher or parent who pushed you to excel. This isnt necessarily a bad approach to the essay, but make sure you provide enough specific details to paint a true portrait of yourself. Thousands of students could write an essay about how their supportive parents helped them succeed. Make sure your essay is about you and isnt something that thousands of other students could have written. Your world doesnt have to be a pretty place. Adversity sometimes shapes us more than positive experiences. If your world has been filled with challenges, feel free to write about them. You never want to sound like you are whining or complaining, but a good essay can explore how negative environmental forces have defined who you are.Stay on target. You have just 1,000 words with which to answer prompts #1 and #2. Thats not much space. Make sure every word you write is necessary. Keep these 5 essay tips in mind, follow these suggestions for improving your essays style, and cut anything in your essay that isnt defining your world and explaining how that world has defined you. A Final Word on the UC Essays For any essay on any college application, always keep the purpose of the essay in mind. The university is asking for an essay because it has holistic admissions. The UC schools want to know you as a whole person, not as a simple matrix of grades and standardized test scores. Make sure your essay makes a positive impression. The admissions folks should finish reading your essay thinking, This is a student we want to join our university community.

Postmodernism in European and American history Essay

Postmodernism in European and American history - Essay Example The essay "Postmodernism in European and American History" focuses on postmodernist features and how they are recognizable in the contemporary society. Modernism lasted till the World War II and was superseded by a new movement called Postmodernism. Postmodernism is a diverse set of ideas, concepts, models, that emerged â€Å"as a reaction against modernism or as a natural evolution of modernism† in the 1950s after the Second World War. Postmodernist concepts not only projected themselves in the fields of art and literature but also in other areas like architecture, sociology, technology, economics, religion, and communication, thereby on the whole of the society. This influence of postmodernism is continuing even now and so this paper will analyze how the postmodernist features are still recognizable in the contemporary society, from the perspectives of postmodernist thinkers. Jean Baudrillard, French sociologist and a leading postmodernist thinker, was well known for his med ia related theory of â€Å"hyperreality† and â€Å"Simulation†, and how it impacts the society. According to Baudrillard, because of hyperreality created by the media, people in the society are not able to tell what is reality? what is fiction or what is created? It is a â€Å"theory that modern man can no longer tell what reality is because he has become lost in a world of "simulacra", images and signs created and presented as "real" by the mass media†.Baudrillard further argues that mass media has taken the role of ‘God’.

Native Americans in Texas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Native Americans in Texas - Research Paper Example It is believed that these tribes came from Asia, thus crossing borders to occupy the Northern parts of America. The main tribes which occupied this area are the Apache and the Comanche people. Other than these two tribes, Texas also held many other different communities. This paper seeks to discuss the Native American in Texas and their diverse ways of live, as well as their, characteristics. The most ancient Texan groups comprised of nomadic activity as a main culturalactivity. According Elonera’s records made on Native Americans in Texas, about ten thousand years ago, these groups comprised of few people per holding who practiced hunting activities as a source of food. These people held the Plainviewand Folsom cultures in the present New Mexico regions.2 This is according to studies made in the area. The findings reported weapon points which had knives and scrappers as well as fire places. Some of their characteristics include the art of hunting in groups by the use of weapons such as spears during hunting. These ancient spear heads and weapons were made from carved stone. The hunters used large blocks of stone or flint tomake cores, whereby they selected large pieces of blades to make their spear tips. This art of chipping stone was common amongst the Clovis and Folsom hunters. The tips made by each group are named according to the group which made them, such as Clovis points. As found in most ancient groups, the males did the hunting tasks while the women fended their young ones. The women also did other tasks such as gathering and collecting food and sometimes the minor wild animals.3 They also assisted in preparation of hide and skin for other uses as well as prepare and cook food for their families. These groups practicedthese hunting and gathering activities in well-organized schedules.However,this highly depended on the seasonal trends during the year. These groups comprised of archaens who lived and

JBS Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

JBS Report - Assignment Example The changes are as shown in the income statement. When calculating the BEP for JBS, there is a challenge of classifying costs. It is very difficult to divide the costs categories as either a variable or a fixed cost. Consequently, the variable cost does not change proportionally to JBS revenue at each activity level. For instance, the revenues gotten from fee might change if the recruitment of students is changed. It is also difficult to categorize the faculty member as variable costs because there is high possibility of recruiting part-time staff. Consequently, there is a challenge attached to the time. Determining the time over which the variable and fixed cost relationship holds the status of the company is difficult to find out. Over a short time, the costs are viewed as fixed, but in the end, some of costs considered as fixed are now variable. To evaluate the progress of JBS towards its mission, will use performance indicators and measures. The company will use the balance sheet, income statement, profit and loss account, and cash inflows of the previous year’s result to measure its performance. The data will be extracted from the relevance sources and then converted to financial ratios. This analysis involves incorporating both the financial and non-financial information into the evaluation. Additionally, the evaluation will seek the help of scorecard and benchmarking indicators. In Benchmarking, the institution will incorporate the comparative data in measuring the performance. The method takes the internal form where comparisons are done between various units within the institution. The technique will also take the functional form, where comparisons are conducted with the trusted external practitioner despite the market. Additionally, the institution will take the competitive form where the comparisons are

Why Did The Soviet Union Collapse?

Why Did The Soviet Union Collapse? More than two decades have passed since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics disappeared from the world political stage. Starting with 1985, the internal situation of the Soviet Union, as well as its international status, began to experience breathtakingly fast and radical change, which eventually led to its collapse in 1991, event probably commemorated today only by Vladimir Putin, who describes it as the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century (annual state-of-the-nation address to Parliament,  Moscow, April the 29th, 2005, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty). The are many controversial debates about the actual reasons that caused the collapse of the vast Soviet Empire, but one thing is certain: they cannot be reduced to one single factor, as for an historical event of such calibre to happen, it took the interaction of many factors, producing a set of circumstances that made the change urgent and inevitable. In the following essay, I shall present and argue the main fact ors that contributed to and can be described as reasons for the end of the Soviet Union. To begin with, we are talking about a disintegration process with different origins and extremely intense dynamics. The systemic involution had actually begun in February 1956, when Nikita Khrushchev struck the deadly blow against the myth of Stalins inerrability (February 25, 1956: Khrushchevs Secret Speech, denouncing Stalins abuses). It was followed by other disillusions, which would undermine the myths of the irreversibility and invincibility of the communist order. The economic problems of the USSR were asking for desperate measures, the society was becoming more and more corrupt, harsh, and inefficient, the sole existence of the USSR as a union was starting to be questioned. After the removal of Khrushchev from power in 1964, Leonid Brezhnev was appointed his successor. The economic crisis that engulfed the Soviet Union and the majority of the socialist states in the 1970s spread to the following decade. The reform surrogates consecutively introduced by the communist leaders failed to optimize the economy and release tension in social relations. The soviet socialism model proved to be completely inadequate, considering that the world was about to enter as Jeremy Rifkin calls it the third industrial revolution. Yuri Andropov (1982-1984) appeared to be trying to put into practice a reform policy, but was confronted by the inflexibility of the superior political structures and resistance from the bureaucratic system installed by Brezhnev. But shortly after the death of Konstantin Cernenko, on March the 11th 1985, in Moscow, a new leader emerged, animated by reforming ideas, under the aegis of Mikhail Gorbachev. The Soviet Union was confronting grave issues at the time Gorbachev took over, and they were all exacerbated by the immense quantum of military expenditures. The new General Secretary was quite cautious at the beginning, apparently proving to be consequent to his predecessors, but he then rapidly proceeded to consolidating his power, replacing, in a few weeks time, much of the governing team, and casting away his main rivals. This was meant to pave the way to Gorbachevs reforms. It started with the Central Committee plenum of the CPSU in April 1985, where Gorbachev brought forward the principles of the policy he intended to put into practice in the Soviet Union, in an attempt to save the communist system by implementing a slow liberalizing process that would lead to the abolition of the systems most heinous features, without destroying its ideological fundaments. That policy bears the name of perestroika, or restructuring. In his vision, the soviet system had deviated from the Leninist theory, and needed a reorganization based on reforming the political and economic systems, and improving the system of social relations, above all economic (Kommunist, no. 5, 1985, as cited in Sakwa, R., 1999, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union, London and New York: Routledge, p.424). The main goal of perestroika was to demolish the consequences of the Brezhnev era (famously described as an era of economic stagnation), so Gorbachev decided to adopt a strategy of rapid accel eration (uskorenie) in the rate of growth, confident of the command economys potential to deliver it (Acton, E. and Stableford T., 2007, The Soviet Union: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY, vol. 2: 1939-1991, Exter: University of Exter Press, p. 384). Applying this concept relied entirely on the support of the society, but conscious of the obstacles standing in his way, the soviet leader took a set of measures in order to stop the nomenclature who would have wanted to prevent these reforms from happening. A general view of this vision could be summarized in this extract from Gorbachev, M. S., 1987, PERESTROIKA: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, London: Collins, p. 66: I am pleased that theres a growing understanding, both within the Party and in the society as a whole, that we have started an unprecedented political, economic, social and ideological endeavour. If we are to implement everything we have planned, we must also carry out unprecedented political, economic, social and ideological work in both the internal and external spheres. Above all, we bear an unprecedented responsibility. And we are aware of the need for large-scale and bold efforts, especially at the first stage. In any case, the contradictions and limits of perestroika prevented the political system from being reformed. Therefore, there was a radical difference between what the initiator of the reforms wanted and what the final result was. Another important component of the reforming policy Gorbachev was introduced in 1986, and is called glasnost (openness), which meant gradually abolishing censorship, introducing political transparency and freedom of the media, which was a gate to elucidating the problems that were blocked, or remained unsolved for decades. The freedom a person had to publicly express a point of view which, not many years ago, would have had him deported in gulags (or even sentenced to death, in Stalins time), became an ordinary right thanks to glasnost. Soviet newspapers could criticize the government policy, the CPSU, and even Gorbachev himself. Yet remarkable were the results of perestroika in the external relations. He was convinced that this program could not be fulfilled unless the countrys international relations radically changed. Indeed, the USSR started redrawing its essential external policy. Together with his External Affairs Minister, Eduard Shevardnadze, Gorbachev managed to practically revolutionize the soviet external policy, enjoying great sympathy around the world. He introduced a new political thinking, based on a few components: external policy no longer needed to be reasoned and led through the ideological factor; the conflict between the 2 superpowers, USSR and USA, was non-productive, and military power did not automatically guarantee national security; the soviet state needed to revise its external objectives. Signing an agreement with China on the issue of the oriental borderline, his propositions to limit nuclear and conventional armaments, and drawing off his troops in Afghanistan, made Gorbachev loo k like a man who was promising peace. Furthermore, at the European Council in Strasbourg, he admitted that there is no such thing as an unchangeable social system, and suggested that such transformations could occur in Eastern Europe. This signal was also received in Eastern European states, not only in the West. His declaration was widely interpreted as a green light to the reformers in Eastern Europe, in their efforts to implement a democratic system and a market economy, but especially, it dispelled the fear of the intervention of the Big Brother (the name Hà ©là ¨ne Carrà ¨re dEncausse gives to the Soviet Union) to end the reforms. Another important step in the democratization of the USSR was made in 1989, with the election of a new Soviet Parliament, the Congress of Peoples Deputies. These were not free elections like the ones in the West, taking into consideration that 90% of the candidates were members of the CPSU and other political parties were strictly forbidden. But these elections offered the people the possibility to choose their candidates, and the vote counting had been correctly done. It was definitely the closest thing to democratic elections since 1917. Yet despite the radical reforms adopted in the USSR, no one anticipated the fundamental changes that were about to happen in Eastern Europe between 1989 and 1991. Poland was the first country in Eastern Europe where Gorbachevs perestroika and glasnost turned into an anticommunist revolution. The non-violent Polish break-up with a totalitarian regime was made possible by the existence of both governing and opposition elites, who understood the necessity of such a compromise. The final closure of the communist era in postwar Poland was done in December 1990, with the election of Lech Walesa as president. The Polish events in 1988-1989 had a substantial impact on the entire region. Hopes were reborn in Hungary, as in the spring of 1990, elections were held and won by the Democratic Forum, which led to overthrowing the communist power through the will of the people. In Czechoslovakia, the collapse of the communist regime was done by what the historians and public opinion know as The Velvet Revolution. Active opposition became visible since early 1989, when demonstrations were held throughout the country, and just as expected, democratic forces would take over later that year. The regime collapse in East Germany came as a natural consequence of the events rapidly taking place in the soviet bloc. In late October and early November 1989, hundreds of thousands of protesters went out on the streets of East German cities, demanding their rights. On November the 9th, the Berlin Wall, the main symbol of both German separation and the Cold War, was demolished. In Bulgaria, in December 1989, the communist leader T. Jivkov was arrested and the Communist Party changed its name into the Bulgarian Socialist Party, as a symbolic break-up from the Leninist dogmas. In Romania, unlike other countries in the soviet bloc, communism was overthrown through a violent, open fight. The lack of real opposition within the Communist Party made a peaceful transition impossible. The revolution first started in a city in Western Romania, and was first repressed by the secret police. But a second revolutionary wave broke out on December the 20th, which eventually spread out across the country, breaking the psychological barrier. First encountering militia and army resistance, the huge crowds managed to take over, forcing the Ceausescu dictatorial couple to flee. The communist dictator and his wife were captured, an improvised Court charged them with genocide and impairment of national economy, and the two were finally executed on the Christmas Day in 1989. 1990 was the year in which increasing social convulsion started to lead towards questioning perestroika, as an effect of the resurgence of national consciousness in all the Soviet Republics and satellite states, a factor which Gorbachev had not predicted in his plan to redress the Soviet Union. Interethnic confrontations arose in all the Soviet Republics, and national conflicts were threatening the cohesion of the USSR. Lithuania proclaimed its independence in March 1990. It was shortly followed by Estonia, Latvia, Georgia and Armenia. Other Republics proclaimed themselves sovereign: The Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Moldova, Byelorussia, and Ukraine. The laws of the USSR were no longer obeyed, and the leaders of the republics were demanding that the recruits should no longer be incorporated in the Soviet Army. Aware of the danger, Gorbachev proposed, in February 1990, a new treaty that was to establish a confederation, in order to avoid secession. The Congress of Peoples Deputies approved the project for a referendum on keeping the Union. The instauration of a new presidential power weighed significantly in the rapid evolution of the national problem. However, on August the 19th 1991, in Moscow, a group of conservative members of the Politburo who were against the reformation processes, launched what is known today as The August Coup, with the intention of removing Gorbachev from power, but eventually failed. The coup strengthened Boris Yeltsins position as elected President of the RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) and leader of the democratic forces, and weakened Gorbachevs position. Finally, Gorbachevs desperate endeavors to transform the Soviet Union into the Union of Sovereign States, to organize new elections, to rescue his power, ended in failure. The Republics proclaimed their independence after August 1991. On December the 8th 1991, near Minsk, the Presidents of RSFSR, Ukraine and Byelorussia signed an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and forming the Commonwealth of Independent States. In these given conditions, on December the 25th 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev would resign from the position of president of a state that no longer existed. The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist starting with December the 31st 1991, 69 years after its establishment. All in all, my view is that the economic backwardness of the USSR, the failure to effectively implement reforms (reforms which, paradoxically, led to its destruction), the loss of the arms race, and not least, nationalism, formed the main factors that determined the collapse of the Soviet Union. The dismantling of the Empire can be interpreted as an unhappy implosion, deriving from profound internal causes, from the inability of communism to build a viable economy. And the germs of the implosion had laid right in the theses of Gorbachevs brilliant by some, a non-sense by others perestroika, in his political actions, as the leader himself is the one who drove the first nails into the coffin, when he demanded the abrogation of article six of the USSR Constitution, which guaranteed the CPSUs supremacy. Gorbachev tried this way to transfer the political power to the Soviets, angering the elder conservative activists. Also, 1989 was the year that practically switched on the genetic immu ne system of captive nations. The long-dispraised nationalism was the explosive that dashed the Empire of proletarian internationalism to the ground. And yet, the revolution did not fail, considering that we cannot talk about a revolution that is totally triumphant. All the founding myths of that system based on the quasi-religious cult of the single party were shaken, and finally collapsed.

Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee Essay -- Hurston’s

Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee In the middle of Chapter four, we find Jim and Arvay in the middle of a journey to the courthouse; the reader, halfway through the journey from the top of the page encounters an interior journey as Arvay travels within herself. This four-line passage serves as a milestone marking the beginning of the narrative, which is a journey across the landscape of the life of Jim and Arvay’s relationship. The passage begins with â€Å"The elements opened above Avery and she arose inside of herself†(57). The first clause of this sentence has a poetic eye focusing on an atmosphere, or an aura rising and expanding around Arvay’s form, perhaps circular, like the break in clouds whereby a ray of sunshine appears, suggesting even further, the halo, or the circle of seraphim as described in the words of the prophets. The coordinating conjunction â€Å"and† begins the second clause, implying the synchronous relation between the outer sky change, and the inner event of rising â€Å"inside of herself.† In this sense her experiences, her conversation with Jim, her anxieties about her â€Å"secret sin,† her religious drive converge and for a brief space are unifying, interlocking, affirming and redeeming. The mystical language employed reveals a kind of â€Å"interpenetration.† That this epiphany comes at the moment when she is discussing her own rape with the man that raped her shows the way in which she thinks about her experiences. Also, this passage shows how Jim speaks to her in ways that produce thoughts and feelings that she cannot seem to find words for annunciation. Her mystical language contrasts sharply with Jim’s straightforward sentences, recalling the title of the novel, Seraph on the Sewanee. After reading... ... complex allowing no passage to Jim or anyone else. The epiphany resulting from her sacrifice â€Å"under the mulberry tree† exemplifies how Jim talks to her, but she cannot respond in ways that he can understand, leaving her helpless to the world around her while Jim is continuously carrying her off over further horizons. Throughout the book she continues this movement upward and outwards into the world, though with the limits of her tongue. In the end, as she becomes reconciled with the world she discovers the â€Å"Resurrection† where â€Å"Human flesh was full of mysteries and a wonderful unknown thing†(350). If the epiphany at the conclusion of the novel marks point Omega, then the Alpha point comes in this passage in the middle of Chapter four at the moment she tries to place her relationship with Jim, and the suffering from the rape within her understanding of the Cosmos. Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee Essay -- Hurston’s Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee In the middle of Chapter four, we find Jim and Arvay in the middle of a journey to the courthouse; the reader, halfway through the journey from the top of the page encounters an interior journey as Arvay travels within herself. This four-line passage serves as a milestone marking the beginning of the narrative, which is a journey across the landscape of the life of Jim and Arvay’s relationship. The passage begins with â€Å"The elements opened above Avery and she arose inside of herself†(57). The first clause of this sentence has a poetic eye focusing on an atmosphere, or an aura rising and expanding around Arvay’s form, perhaps circular, like the break in clouds whereby a ray of sunshine appears, suggesting even further, the halo, or the circle of seraphim as described in the words of the prophets. The coordinating conjunction â€Å"and† begins the second clause, implying the synchronous relation between the outer sky change, and the inner event of rising â€Å"inside of herself.† In this sense her experiences, her conversation with Jim, her anxieties about her â€Å"secret sin,† her religious drive converge and for a brief space are unifying, interlocking, affirming and redeeming. The mystical language employed reveals a kind of â€Å"interpenetration.† That this epiphany comes at the moment when she is discussing her own rape with the man that raped her shows the way in which she thinks about her experiences. Also, this passage shows how Jim speaks to her in ways that produce thoughts and feelings that she cannot seem to find words for annunciation. Her mystical language contrasts sharply with Jim’s straightforward sentences, recalling the title of the novel, Seraph on the Sewanee. After reading... ... complex allowing no passage to Jim or anyone else. The epiphany resulting from her sacrifice â€Å"under the mulberry tree† exemplifies how Jim talks to her, but she cannot respond in ways that he can understand, leaving her helpless to the world around her while Jim is continuously carrying her off over further horizons. Throughout the book she continues this movement upward and outwards into the world, though with the limits of her tongue. In the end, as she becomes reconciled with the world she discovers the â€Å"Resurrection† where â€Å"Human flesh was full of mysteries and a wonderful unknown thing†(350). If the epiphany at the conclusion of the novel marks point Omega, then the Alpha point comes in this passage in the middle of Chapter four at the moment she tries to place her relationship with Jim, and the suffering from the rape within her understanding of the Cosmos.

Opening a Daycare Essay

One of the most important demands of the early years, care and education that offer young children a quality care and education to operate effectively. Early childhood education has become formalized in its processes and entrepreneurial in mode, particularly in the urban and middle-class centers. Centers for pre-school children are necessary particularly because the entrance of more women into the workforce creates a need for places where their children can be safe and given some education while the parents are at work. However, these centers should ot be made an excuse for parents to abdicate their responsibility for child care and nurturance, and for making early childhood education a commercial activity. Children with special needs may require individual learning programmed for a part of the session in center. A Child Day care center, group child care home and family child day care home and group child day care home are center for children. For these reasons, it is proposed that early childhood centers be organized community or neighborhood centers to be staffed by a minimum number of professional arly childhood educators with maximum help from parents who should take turns serving these community or neighborhood daycare centers. In opening a daycare center it needs the quality care and education that should be available to all children if their parents wish it. To deliver a high quality service and the the important that all reflect on their practice so that they can acknowledge how things have gone and whether there is room for improvement. A good starting point is to examine the principles which is part of the early years, Care and education. The welfare of the child ( the children must come first) in managing children’s challenging behavior. The child care and education should emphasize the positive aspects of behavior and physical punishment must never be used. Children’s learning and development (children need activities) which will stimulate their social, physical, intellectual, emotional, and moral development by careful observation of the child. Keeping children safe to ensure that the setting is safe for the children and the prevention of accidents and the protection of health. Planning is basically determining development goals, policies and plans; and setting, procedures and strategies needed to achieve the purposes. In the preparation of the plans, social economic and development administration programs are formulated separately within the context of policies. It deals with goals, setting process, environment, role, and budgeting. On another viewpoint, is seen on decision-making, information and the future. The process by which the guiding members envision its future and develop the necessary procedures and operations to achieve that future. In terms of identifying riorities and interests the important factor to achieve is the operational, efficiency and effectiveness in the delivery of the service ( the needs of the community). As we plan, the level of minimum standard must be observed to guarantee a Certain level such as facilities, staff, curricular content, utilization of space and time, procedures and financing schemes. These standards can be achieved through the conduct of survey, studies, operations research and cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses. Steps in planning like goal-setting, information, policy, programs, implementation nd evaluation but the development planning consist of situational analysis, goal/objective/target setting, policy/strategy formulation, program/project identification, investment program, budgeting, implementation and monitoring evaluation and plan update. The situational analysis requires the conduct of survey and research studies. Gathering of demographic, economic, physical and others. A survey of undertaken Indicating past and present performances, programs and projects, manpower, budget and buildings, facilities and equipment. After that setting of goals, objectives and targets. A goal is a broad statement of an image of the future that seeks to achieve. And objective, the expectation which is pursued to satisfy the goal target, flowing out of the objective is the most specific statement of purpose which is measurable and achievable. Once the broad goals, objectives and target are framed, more specific policy statements and strategies are formulated for each area of concern as to social, economic and development administration aspects. The plan is basically a guide for any future decisions affecting the growth and development of the center. The Vision is the act of power of seeing an ideal state through mental acuity or foresight that a man or institution intends to accomplish (Kaufman et al. ,2002). It should be conceptually ideal, unitarily and purposively focused, and foremost should be intellectually challenging and exciting. The vision spells out in broad terms the role of the center. To specify what it intends to do and become considering the social, cultural, economic factors in the community. In vision we shared beliefs and values, impact from the environment, and attainment from future time. The Mission is a statement of philosophy of purpose for which it is created (Kaufman et al. , 2002). And goal as a desirable future condition which strives to achieve. It is normally broad in scope and long-term in its perspective. A goal dovetails the vision and mission of the organization or institution. To formulate the goals remember the clear statement about what the customer or client needs, who are the clients, and how plans to go about. The Objective is a specific description of an end result to achieve. It is a Translation of the broad goal into a set of more specific and concrete objective. The Translation of the goals into program objectives in terms of program offerings, research Services, extension and continuing education services, development services, income generation, capital outlay, and general administration. The Target is a more specific expression in quantifiable and measurable terms of what is intended to be accomplished. The specific end result, a target date and period; and the individual responsible and accountable in the accomplishment of the activity. The Policy and Strategy Formulation is a planning process about the rules and Decisions have been arrived to meet the goals and objectives. A policy is a purposive course of action or decision which is commonly set and perceived to be socially desirable to the great number of people. While strategy is the method or approach undertaken to accomplish goals, objectives and targets. The Program and Project Identification refers to the functions and activities Necessary for the performance of a major purpose for which it is established and Covering the activities that result in the accomplishment. Like support service, manpower training, curriculum development, extracurricular activities, production materials, eaching aids, technologies, improvement of the building and equipment. The Investment Programming is a phase in the planning process that resolves the activities need to be done with the greatest result. Formulated goals, objectives, targets and strategies in the development plan are translated into concrete, specific and implementable programs and projects packaged into the development investment program. Investment programming is the process of rational listing of programs and projects planned to be undertaken within a given time frame for the purpose of enhancing he process of asset and capital accumulation for some anticipated future benefits. This entails a systematic identification, preparation, selection , scheduling or phasing of programs and project given conditions of resource scarcity. The investment program serves as the basis for programs and projects that are considered in the preparation of the annual action plan and corresponding budget estimates. The Budgeting, this phase of the planning process resolves the money and fund available or allowable for the program, project or activity. Budgeting is one of the universal human experiences. All of us are faced with the problem of reconciling what we want with what we can afford. Every organization or institution must face the problem of balancing needs and desires. But the greatest problem arises when the resources are limited but needs and aspiration are sharply rising. Proper budgeting is important. The Implementation, this phase of the planning process how the plan executed, who are the responsible, how to determine the plan. It is an act of carrying out the plans, Programs and projects in accordance with the strategic plan in order to attain the set goals and objectives. The implementation of the plan in terms of stated policies, goals, objectives and targets translated into tangible programs, projects and services has to precisely specify as to who does what in terms of accountable and responsible with particular program and projects. On this regard, the owner or the president has to emphasize plan priorities in terms of benefits, materials, references facilities, equipment and others. The same principles should underpin early childhood education, in whatever setting (state, private or voluntary sectors). They are recognize with knowledge and skills hey have been learning from birth; quality care and quality education are inseparable; every child develops at its own pace; the role of the adult is to stimulate and encourage learning, trust, motivation and positive attitudes are important-each child should feel valued and secure; learn best through play, talk and first hand experiences; parents and teacher should work together in the best interest of the child. The early years of curriculum should be carefully structured to provide a balance of appropriate activities- some planned by adults others child planned or initiated; quality care and education equires well-trained educators and ongoing professional trainings skilled and careful observations are crucial to fostering children’s care and learning. (adapted from DfEE 2000). Licensing Standards of Daycare Centers should consider the following: The Activity Area available used by all children, Attendance of the actual present in the Center, Capacity of total number of children allowed in the center, Caregiver who provide care, supervision and guidance, Certification issued by CCD(Child Care Division), Child Care Facility, Comparable Group Care Program, Constracted Services; The Director who designated by the operator or administrator of the center, guidance and Discipline; Head Teacher, Staff, Operator, Owner, Parents, Program, Sanitizing, and others. The General Requirements for opening a Day Care Center are Certificate of compliance or certificate of registration, Application, Training requirements, Staff requirements, Director, Group Supervisor, Aide, Staff child ratio, Staff persons, Physical site, Program requirements, individual assessment and program, Caring and qualified staff, safe, clean facility, established rules and policy, and Complete schedule of activities. In opening a Day care Center it should be careful through out and need a research process. In daycare children help grow and develop their skills while also having fun. Good centers have a mix of activities that will teach different skills, projects that lead to Creativity, storytelling, dancing and singing and help the child learn instead of just Playing all day. Children also get to socialize with other children which they would not to Do as often if they were at home with a nanny. Finally, the centers are more stable and consistent than nannies because the center will watch your child even if a teacher is sick.

Frankenstein Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices

Frankenstein Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is a 19th-century epistolary novel associated with both the Romantic and the Gothic genres. The novel, which follows a scientist named Frankenstein and the horrifying creature he creates, explores the pursuit of knowledge and its consequences, as well as the human desire for connection and community. Shelley depicts these themes against the backdrop of a sublime natural world and reinforces them using symbolism. Pursuit of Knowledge Shelley wrote Frankenstein in the midst of the Industrial Revolution, when major breakthroughs in technology were transforming society. One of the central themes in the novel- man’s pursuit of knowledge and scientific discovery- explores the subsequent anxieties of this period. Frankenstein is obsessed with uncovering the secrets of life and death with ruthless ambition; he disregards his family and ignores all affection as he pursues his studies. His academic trajectory in the novel seems to mirror mankind’s scientific history, as Frankenstein begins with the medieval philosophies of alchemy, then moves on to the modern practices of chemistry and mathematics at university. Frankensteins efforts lead him to discover of the cause of life, but the fruit of his pursuit is not positive. Rather, his creation only brings sadness, misfortune, and death. The creature Frankenstein produces is an embodiment of man’s scientific enlightenment: not beautiful, as Frankenstein thought he would be, but vulgar and horrifying. Frankenstein is filled with disgust at his creation and falls sick for months as a result. Catastrophe surrounds the creature, who directly kills Frankenstein’s brother William, his wife Elizabeth, and his friend Clerval, and indirectly ends the life of Justine. In his search for the root of human life, Frankenstein created a deformed simulacrum of man, privy to all the usual human degradations. With the disastrous consequences of Frankenstein’s achievement, Shelley seems to raise the question: does merciless pursuit of knowledge ultimately cause more harm than good to humankind? Frankenstein presents his story to Captain Walton as a warning for others who wish, like he did, to be greater than nature intended. His story illustrates the downfall caused by human hubris. At the end of the novel, Captain Walton appears to heed to the lesson in Frankenstein’s story, as he calls off his dangerous exploration to the North Pole. He turns away from the possible glory of scientific discovery in order to save his own life, as well as the lives of his crewmen. Importance of Family In opposition to the pursuit of knowledge is the pursuit of love, community, and family. This theme is most clearly expressed through the creature, whose singular motivation is to seek human compassion and companionship. Frankenstein isolates himself, puts aside his family, and ultimately loses those dearest to him, all for his scientific ambition. The creature, on the other hand, wants precisely what Frankenstein has turned away. He especially wishes to be embraced by the De Lacey family, but his monstrous physique bars him from acceptance. He confronts Frankenstein to ask for a female companion, but is betrayed and cast away. It is this isolation that drives the creature to seek revenge and kill. Without Frankenstein, his proxy for a â€Å"father,† the creature is essentially alone in the world, an experience that ultimately turns him into the monster he appears to be. A scene from the 1931 film adaptation of Frankenstein.. Archive Photos / Getty Images There are multiple orphans in the novel. Both the Frankenstein family and the De Lacey family take in outsiders (Elizabeth and Safie respectively) to love as their own. But these characters are markedly dissimilar to the creature, as they are both nurturing, matriarchal figures to fill in for the absence of mothers. Family may be the primary source for love, and a powerful source for purpose in life at odds with the ambition for scientific knowledge, but it is nevertheless presented as a dynamic in conflict. Throughout the novel, family is an entity fraught with the potential for loss, suffering, and hostility. The Frankenstein family is torn apart by revenge and ambition, and even the idyllic De Lacey family is marked by poverty, the absence of a mother, and a lack of compassion as they turn the creature away. Shelley presents family as an important means for love and purpose, but she also depicts the familial bond as complicated and perhaps impossible to achieve. Nature and the Sublime The tension between the pursuit of knowledge and the pursuit of belonging play out against the background of sublime nature. The sublime is an aesthetic, literary and philosophical concept of the Romantic period that encapsulates the experience of awe in the face of the natural world’s extreme beauty and greatness. The novel opens with Walton’s expedition to the North Pole, then moves through the mountains of Europe with the narratives of Frankenstein and the creature. These desolate landscapes mirror the problems of human life. Frankenstein climbs Montanvert as a way to clear his mind and minimize his human sorrows. The monster runs to the mountains and glaciers as refuge from civilization and all its human fallibilities, which cannot accept him for his faà §ade. Nature is also presented as the ultimate wielder of life and death, greater even than Frankenstein and his discoveries. Nature is what ultimately kills both Frankenstein and his creature as they chase after one another further into the icy wilderness. The sublime uninhabited terrains, of equal beauty and terror, frame the novel’s confrontations with humanity so that they underline the vastness of the human soul. Symbolism of Light One of the most important symbols in the novel is light. Light is tied to the theme of knowledge as enlightenment, as both Captain Walton and Frankenstein search for illumination in their scientific pursuits. The creature, by contrast, is doomed to spend much of his life in darkness, able to walk around only at night so that he may hide from humans. The idea of light as a symbol for knowledge also refers back to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, in which darkness symbolizes ignorance and the sun symbolizes truth. The symbolism of light arises when the creature burns himself in the embers of an abandoned campfire. In this instance, fire is both a source of comfort and danger, and it brings the creature closer to the contradictions of civilization. This use of fire links the novel with the myth of Prometheus: Prometheus stole fire from the gods to aid in humankind’s advancement, but was eternally punished by Zeus for his actions. Frankenstein similarly took a kind of ‘fire’ for himself, by harnessing a power not otherwise known to mankind, and is forced to repent for his actions. Throughout the novel, light refers to knowledge and power and weaves in myths and allegories to make these concepts more complex- calling into question whether enlightenment for humankind is possible to achieve, and whether or not it should even be pursued. Symbolism of Texts The novel is filled with texts, as sources of communication, truth, and education, and as a testament to human nature. Letters were a ubiquitous source of communication during the 19th century, and in the novel, they are used to express innermost feelings. For example, Elizabeth and Frankenstein confess their love for one another through letters. Letters are also used as proof, as when the creature copies Safie’s letters explaining her situation, in order to validate his tale to Frankenstein. Books also play an important role in the novel, as the origin of the creature’s understanding of the world. Through reading Paradise Lost, Plutarch’s Lives and the Sorrows of Werter, he learns to understand the De Lacey’s and becomes articulate himself. But these texts also teach him how to sympathize with others, as he realizes his own thoughts and feelings through the characters in the books. Likewise, in Frankenstein, texts are able to portray the more intimate, emotional truths of the characters in ways that other forms of communication and knowledge cannot. The Epistolary Form Letters are also important to the novels structure. Frankenstein is constructed as a nest of stories told in epistolary form. (An epistolary novel is one told through fictional documents, such as letters, diary entries, or newspaper clippings.) The novel opens with Walton’s letters to his sister and later includes the first-person accounts of Frankenstein and the creature. Because of this format, the reader is privy to the thoughts and emotions of each individual character, and is able to sympathize with each one. That sympathy extends even to the creature, with whom none of the characters within the book sympathize. In this way, Frankenstein as a whole serves to demonstrate the power of narration, because the reader is able to develop sympathy for the monster through his first-person storytelling.

What Is a Personal Statement Everything You Need to Know About the College Essay

What Is a Personal Statement Everything You Need to Know About the College Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In addition to standardized test scores and transcripts, a personal statement or essay is a required part of many college applications. The personal statement can be one of the most stressful parts of the application process because it's the most open ended. In this guide, I'll answer the question, "What is a personal statement?" I'll talk through common college essay topics and what makes for an effective personal statement. // Even the terminology can be confusing if you aren't familiar with it, so let's start by defining some terms: Personal statement- an essay you write to show a college admissions committee who you are and why you deserve to be admitted to their school. It's worth noting that, unlike "college essay," this term is used for application essays for graduate school as well. College essay - basically the same as apersonal statement. (I'll be using the terms interchangeably.) Essay prompt - a question or statement that your college essay is meant to respond to. Supplemental essay - an extra school or programspecific essay beyond the basic personal statement. Many colleges ask for only one essay. However, some schools do ask you to respond to multiple prompts or to provide supplemental essays in addition to a primary personal statement. Either way, don't let it stress you out! This guide will cover everything you need to know about the different types of college essays and get you started thinking about how to write a great one: Why colleges ask for an essay What kinds of essay questions you'll see What sets great essays apart Tips for writing your own essay // Why Do Colleges Ask For an Essay? There are a couple of reasons that colleges ask applicants to submit an essay, but the basic idea is that it gives them more information about you, especially who you are beyond grades and test scores. #1: Insight Into Your Personality The most important role of the essay is to give admissions committees a sense of your personality and what kind of addition you'd be to their school's community. Are you inquisitive? Ambitious? Caring? These kinds of qualities will have a profound impact on your college experience, but they're hard to determine based on a high school transcript. Basically, the essay contextualizes your application and shows what kind of person you are outside of your grades and test scores. Imagine two students, Jane and Tim: they both have 3.5 GPAs and 1200s on the SAT. Jane lives in Colorado and is the captain of hertrack team, while Tim lives in Vermont and regularly contributes to the school paper, but they both want to be doctors and they both volunteer at the local hospital. As similar as Jane and Tim seemon paper, in reality they're actually quite different, and their unique perspectives come through in their essays. Jane writes about how looking into her family history for a school project made her realize how the discovery of modern medical treatments like antibiotics and vaccines had changed the world and drove her to pursue a career as a medical researcher. Tim, on the other hand, recounts a story about how a kind doctor helped him overcome his fear of needles, an interaction that reminded him of the value of empathy and inspired him to become a family practitioner. These two students may seem outwardly similar but their motivations and personalities are very different. Without an essay, your application is essentially a series of numbers: a GPA, SAT scores, the number of hours spent preparing for quiz bowl competitions. The personal statement is your chance to stand out as an individual. // #2: Evidence of Writing Skills A secondary purpose of the essay is to serve as a writing sample and help colleges see that you have the skills needed to succeedin college classes. The personal statement isyour best chance to show off your writing, so take the time to craft a pieceyou're really proud of. That said, don't panic if you aren't a strong writer. Admissions officers aren't expecting you to write like Joan Didion; they just want to see that you can express your ideas clearly. No matter what, your essay should absolutely not include any errors or typos. #3: Explanation of Extenuating Circumstances For some students, the essay is also a chance to explain factors affecting theirhigh school record. Did your grades drop sophomore year because you were dealing with a family emergency? Did you miss out on extracurricularsjunior year because of an extended medical absence? Colleges want to know if you struggled with a serious issue that affected your high school record, so make sure to indicate any relevant circumstances on your application. Keep in mind that in some cases there will be a separate section for you to address these types ofissues, as well as any black marks on your record like expulsions or criminal charges. #4: Your Reasons for Applying to the School Many colleges ask you to writean essay or paragraph about why you're applying to their school specifically. In asking these questions, admissions officers are trying to determine if you're genuinely excited about the school and whether you're likely to attend if accepted. I'll talk more about this type of essay below. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: // What Kind of Questions Do Colleges Ask? Thankfully, applications don't simply say "Please include an essay about yourself" - they includea question or prompt that you're asked to respond to. These prompts are generally pretty open ended and can be approached in a lot of different ways. Nonetheless, most questions fall into a few main categories. Let's go through each common type of prompt, with examples from the Common Application, the University of California application, and ApplyTexas, as well as a few individualschools. Prompt Type 1: Your Personal History This sortof questionasks you to write about a formative experience, important event or key relationship fromyour life. Admissions officers want to understand what is important to you and how your backgroundhas shaped you as a person. These questions are both common and tricky. The most common pitfall students fall into is trying to tell their entire life stories - it's better to focus in on a very specific point in time and explain why it was meaningful to you. Common App 1 Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. Common App 5 Discuss an accomplishment, event, orrealizationthatsparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others. University of California 2 Every person has a creative side, and it can be expressed in many ways: problem solving, original and innovative thinking, and artistically, to name a few. Describe how you express your creative side. University of California 6 Think about an academic subject that inspires you. Describe how you have furthered this interest inside and/or outside of the classroom. // Prompt Type 2:Facing a Problem A lot of prompts deal with how you solve problems or how you cope with failure. College can be difficult, both personally and academically, and admissions committees want to see that you're equipped to face those challenges. The key to these types of questions is to identify a real problem or failure (not a success in disguise) and show how you adapted and grew from addressing the issue. Common App 2 The lessons we take fromobstacles we encountercan be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced achallenge, setback, or failure.How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? Common App 4 Describe a problem you’ve solved or a problem you’d like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma - anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. ApplyTexas B Describe a circumstance, obstacle or conflict in your life, and the skills and resources you used to resolve it. Did it change you? If so, how? // Prompt Type 3:Diversity Most colleges arepretty diverse, with students from a wide range of backgrounds. Essay questions about diversity are designed to help admissions committees understand how you interact with people who are different from you. In addressing these prompts,you want to show that you're capable of engaging with new ideas and relating to people who may have different beliefs than you. Common App 3 Reflect on a time when youquestionedor challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? Whatwas the outcome? ApplyTexas A Describe a setting in which you have collaborated or interacted with people whose experiences and/or beliefs differ from yours. Address your initial feelings, and how those feelings were or were not changed by this experience. Prompt Type 4:Your Future Goals This type of prompt asks about what you want to do in the future: sometimes simply what you'd like to study, sometimes longer term career goals. Colleges want to understand what you're interested in and how you plan to work towards your goals. You'll mostly see these prompts if you're applying for a specializedprogram (like pre-med or architecture) or applying as a transfer student. Some schools also ask for supplementary essays along these lines. ApplyTexas C Considering your lifetime goals, discuss how your current and future academic and extracurricular activities might help you achieve your goals. University of California (Transfer Applicants) Please describe how you have prepared for your intended major, including your readiness to succeed in your upper-division courses once you enroll at the university. // Prompt Type 5: Why This School The most common style of supplemental essay is the "Why us?" essay (although a fewschools with their own application use this type of questionas their main prompt). In these essays, you're meant to address the specific reasons you want to go to the school you're applying to. Whatever you do, don't ever recycle these essays for more than one school. Yale University What is it about Yale that has led you to apply? Chapman University There are thousands of universities and colleges. Please share with us why you are choosing to apply to Chapman. Rice University How did you first learn about Rice University and what motivated you to apply? Prompt Type 6:Creative Prompts More selective schools often have supplemental essays with stranger or more unique questions. University of Chicago is notorious for its weird prompts, but it's not the only school that will ask you to think outside the box in addressing its questions. University of Chicago The word floccinaucinihilipilification is the act or habit of describing or regarding something as unimportant or of having no value. It originated in the mid-18th century from the Latin words "floccus," "naucum," "nihilum," and "pilus"- all words meaningâ€Å"of little use.† Coin your own word using parts from any language you choose, tell us its meaning, and describe the plausible (if only to you) scenarios in which it would be most appropriately used. Tufts University Whether you've built blanket forts or circuit boards, produced community theater or mixed media art installations, tell us: what have you invented, engineered, created, or designed? Or what do you hope to? University of Virginia What’s your favorite word and why? University of Chicago(Phil Roeder/Flickr) // What Makes a Strong Personal Statement? OK, so you're clear on what a college essay is, but you're still not sure how to write a good one. To help you get started, I'm going to explainthe main things admissions officers look for in students' essays:an engaging perspective, genuine moments, and lively writing. I've touched onthese ideas already, buthereI'll go into more depth about how the best essays stand out from the pack. Showing Who You Are A lot of students panic about finding a unique topic, and certainly writing about something unusual like a successful dating app you developed with your friends or your time working as a mall Santacan't hurt you. But what's really important isn't so much what you write about as how you write about it. You need to use your subject to show something deeper about yourself. Look at the prompts above: you'll notice that they almost all ask you what you learned or how the experience affected you. Whatever topic you pick, you must be able to specifically address how or why it matters to you. Say a student, Will, was writing about the mall Santa in response to Common App prompt number 2 (the one about failure): Will was a terrible mall Santa. He was way too skinny to be convincing and the kids would always step on his feet. He could easily write 600 very entertaining words describing this experience, but they wouldn't necessarily add up to an effective college essay. To do that, he'll need to talk about his motivations and his feelings: why he took such a job in the first place and what he did (and didn't) get out of it. Maybe Will took the job because he needed to make some money to go on a school trip and it was the only one he could find. Despite his lack of enthusiasm for screaming children, he kept doing it because he knew if he persevered through the whole holiday season he would have enough money for his trip. Would you rather read "I failed at being a mall Santa" or "Failing as a mall Santa taught me how to persevere no matter what"? Admissions officersdefinitely prefer the latter. Ultimately, the best topics are ones that allow you to explain something surprising about yourself. Honesty Since the main point of the essay is to give schools a sense of who you are, you have to open up enough to let them see your personality.Writing a good college essay means being honest about your feelings and experiences even when they aren't entirely positive. In this context, honesty doesn't mean going on at length about the time you broke into the local pool at night and nearly got arrested, but it does mean acknowledging when something was difficult or upsetting for you. Think about the mall Santa example above. The essay won't work unless the writer genuinely acknowledges that he was a bad Santa and explains why. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Even this little kid is a better Santa than Will was. EloquentWriting As I mentioned above, colleges want to know that you are a strong enough writer to survive in college classes. Can you express your ideas clearly and concisely? Can you employ specific details appropriately and avoidcliches and generalizations? These kinds of skills will serve you well in college (and in life!). Nonetheless, admissions officers recognize that different students have different strengths. They aren’t looking for a poetic magnum opus from someone who wants to be a math major. (Honestly, they aren't expecting a masterwork from anyone, but the basic point stands.) Focus on making sure that your thoughts and personality come through, and don't worry about using fancy vocabulary or complex rhetorical devices. Above all, make sure that you have zero grammar or spelling errors. Typos indicate carelessness, which will hurt your cause with admissions officers. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: // Top 5 Essay-Writing Tips Now that you have a sense of what colleges are looking for, let's talk about how you can put this new knowledge into practice as you approach your own essay. Below, I've collected my five best tips from years as a college essay counselor. #1: Start Early! No matter how much you want to avoid writing your essay, don’t leaveit until the last minute. One of the most important parts of the essay writing process is editing, and editing takes a lot of time. You want to be able to put your draft in a drawer for a week and come back to it with fresh eyes. You don't want to be stuck with an essay you don't really like because you have to submit your application tomorrow. You need plenty of time to experiment and rewrite, so I would recommend starting your essays at least two months before the application deadline. For most students, that means starting around Halloween, but if you're applying early you'll need to get going closer to Labor Day. Of course, it's even better to get a head start and begin your planning earlier. Many students like to work on their essays over the summer when they have more free time, but you should keep in mind that each year's application isn't usually released until August or September. Essay questions often stay the same from year to year, however. If you are looking to get a jump on writing, you can try to confirm with the school (or the Common App) if the essay questions will be the same as the previous year's. #2: Pick a Topic You’re Genuinely Excited About One of the biggest mistakes students make is trying to write what they think the committee wants to hear. The truth is that there's no "right answer" when it comes to college essays - the best topics aren't limited to specific categories like volunteer experiences or winning a tournament. Instead, they're topics that actually matter to the writer. "OK," you're thinking, "but what does she mean by 'a topic that matters to you'? Because to be perfectly honest, right now what really matters to me is that fall TV starts up this week, and I have a feeling I shouldn't write about that." You're not wrong (although some great essays have been written about television). A great topic isn't just something that you're excited about or that you talk to your friends about; it's something that has had a real, describableeffect on your perspective. This doesn't mean that you should overemphasize how somethingabsolutely changed your life, especially if it really didn't. Instead, try to be as specific and honest as you can about how the experience affected you, what it taught you, or what you got out of it. Let'sgo back to the TV idea. Sure, writing an essay abouthow excited you are for the new season of The Vampire Diariesprobably isn't the quickest way to get yourself into college, but you couldwrite a solidessay (in response to the first type of prompt) about how SpongeBob SquarePants was an integral part of your childhood. However,it's not enough to just explain how much you loved SpongeBob - you must also explain why and how watching the show every day after school affected your life. For example, maybe it was a ritual you shared with your brother, which showed you how even seemingly silly pieces of pop culture can bring people together. Dig beneath the surface to show who you are and how you see the world. When you write about something you don't really care about, your writing will come out cliched and uninteresting, and you'll likely struggle to motivate. When you write about something that is genuinely important to you, on the other hand, you can make even the most ordinary experiences - learning to swim, eating a meal, or watching TV - engaging. As strange as it sounds, SpongeBob could make a great essay topic. #3: Focus onSpecifics But how do you write an interesting essay?Focus. Don't try to tell your entire life story, or even the story of an entire weekend; 500-650 words may seem like a lot, but you'll reach that limit quickly if you try to pack every single thing that has happened to you into your essay. If, on the other hand, you just touch on a wide range of topics, you'll end up with an essay that reads more like a resume. Instead, narrow in on one specific event or idea and talk about it in more depth. The narrower your topic, the better. For example, writing about your role as Mercutio in your school's production ofRomeo and Juliet is too general, but writing about opening night, when everything went wrong, could be a great topic. Whatever your topic, use details to help draw the reader in and express your unique perspective, but keep in mind that you don't have to include every detail of what you did or thought - stick to the important and illustrative ones. #4: Use Your Own Voice College essays aren't academicassignments: you don't need to be super formal. Instead, try to be yourself. The best writing sounds like a more eloquent version of the way you talk. Focus on using clear, simple languagethat effectively explains a point or evokes a feeling. To do so, avoid the urge to use fancy-sounding synonyms when you don't really know what they mean. Contractions are fine; slang, generally, is not. Don't hesitate to write in the first person. A final note: you don’t need to be relentlessly positive. It’s OK to acknowledge that sometimes things don’t go how you want - just show how you grew from that. #5: Be Ruthless Many students want to call it a day after writing a first draft, but editing is a key part ofwriting a truly great essay. To be clear, editing doesn't mean just making a few minor wording tweaks and cleaning up typos; it means reading your essay carefully and objectively and thinking about how you could improve it. Ask yourself questions as you read: is the progression of the essay clear? Do you make a lot of vague, sweeping statements that could be replaced with more interesting specifics? Do your sentences flow together nicely? Do youshow something about yourself beyond the surface level? You will have to delete and rewrite (potentially large) parts of your essay, and no matter how attached you feel to something you wrote, you might have to let it go. If you've ever heard the phrase "Kill your darlings," know that it is 100% applicable to college essay writing. At some point, you might even need to rewrite the whole essay.Even though it's annoying, starting over is sometimes the best way to get an essay that you're really proud of. Ludwig/Flickr What's Next? Make sure to check out our other posts on college essays, including our step-by-step guide to how to write your college essay,our analysis of the Common App Prompts, and our collection of example essays. If you're in need of guidance on other parts of the application process, take a look at our guides to choosing the right college for you, writing about extracurriculars, and requesting teacher recommendations. Last but not least, if you're planning on taking the SAT one last time, check out our ultimate guide to studying for the SAT and make sure you're as prepared as possible. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

European causes of its 2012 economic crisis Term Paper

European causes of its 2012 economic crisis - Term Paper Example ased the political risks for EU governments and their leaders.6 The economic disaster was weakening the bond between the EU nations and challenging EU’s unity and shared goals. Rapid exhaustion of liquidity left the periphery with unsustainable shortfalls and monetary obligations larger than their GDP. In 2010, a sovereign debt catastrophe, particularly in Greece, stretched throughout the periphery and jeopardized any economic opportunity for the EU.  In 2011, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund took actions to rescue Greece, Ireland, and Portugal.7 Governments of Iceland and Latvia have disintegrated resulting from the public complaints over their administrations for mishandling their economies throughout the tragedy. Sparking the protests even more was the International Monetary Fund’s issuance of emergency loans to the following EU nations: Belarus ($2.48 billion), Bosnia and Herzegovina ($1.52 billion), Hungary ($15.7 billion), Iceland ($2.1 bil lion), Latvia ($2.35 billion), Moldova ($118.2 million), Poland ($20.58 billion), Romania ($17.1 billion), Serbia ($4.0 billion), and Ukraine ($16.4 billion). In February 2009, the World Bank in alliance with the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development announced a financial assistance grant amounting to $31 billion over two years to aid near-bankrupt banks and industries in Eastern and Central Europe.8 The economic turmoil caused a quick fluctuation in the Euro currencies of Eastern European countries and caused their government debits to climb, destabilizing the attempts of several countries to join the European Union. $1.5 trillion assets in EU banks were exposed in Central and Eastern Europe. In spite of the exposure of the major Western European banks for...This paper elucidates the real reasons behind The European debt crisis of 2012 and describes the effectual response of the EU to that negative economic situation. The five European co untries: Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (GIIPS) that risked the future of the EU economy and caused various crises regarding the Euro are considered in the paper. Subsequent to the global downturn of 2007, the financial crisis in the peripheral states of the EU worsened: economic activity quickly dwindled; international trade plummeted; and prospects for Europe’s exportation industry diminished. Moreover, the rise of unemployment and distress over the economic chaos sparked protests and thus increased the political risks for EU governments. The response of the EU to the recession was fast and influential. Besides the intervention to steady, re-establish and restructure the banking sector, the European Economic Recovery Plan was commenced for re-establishing reliance and reinforcing demand by increasing the economy’s purchasing power through balanced tactical financial schemes and measures that would support the business and employment sectors. The entire economic incentive, as well as the outcomes of regulated fiscal stabilizers, totals 5 percent of European GDP. Greece, Ireland, and Portugal were given considerable financial supports by the IMF, the Eurozone and EU monetary institutions. Moreover, the generous contribution and dynamic mediation of the ECB to fiscal stability supported the European administration and banking system.